Understanding Sequestrated disc symptoms
Intervertebral disc
The intervertebral disc is a structure found between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. It serves as a cushion or shock absorber, providing support and flexibility to the spine. Each disc consists of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like inner core called the nucleus pulposus.
The annulus fibrosus is composed of layers of fibrous tissue that encircle the nucleus pulposus. It helps to contain the gel-like substance and provides strength and stability to the disc. The nucleus pulposus, on the other hand, is a gelatinous material that allows the disc to absorb and distribute pressure evenly across the spine.
The intervertebral discs play a crucial role in maintaining the flexibility of the spine and absorbing the shocks generated during activities like walking, running, or jumping. In Dr Gonstead’s research established that the primary weight bearing component of the functional spinal unit (two facets and intervertebral disc) in a normal healthy spine was the disc, with negligible loading of the facets (joint of the spine). In addition, they also contribute to the overall height of the spine. However, over time, these discs can degenerate or undergo wear and tear, leading to conditions such as herniated discs, bulging discs, or degenerative disc disease, which may cause low back pain and other related symptoms.
Sequestrated Disc Herniation
Disc herniation refers to the displacement of intervertebral disc material beyond the annulus fibrosis, which can result in compression or irritation of nearby nerves. There are different types of disc herniation based on the location and direction of the disc herniated.
A sequestrated disc herniation, also known as a sequestered disc, refers to a specific type of intervertebral disc herniation where the nucleus pulposus, the gel-like material within the disc, breaks through the outer layer (annulus fibrosus) and becomes completely detached from the main disc. In other words, a sequestrated disc is characterized by the migration of a fragment of the disc material into the spinal canal or surrounding areas.
This detached disc fragment can then potentially move away from its original location within the disc and float within the spinal canal. The sequestrated fragment may cause compression or irritation of spinal nerves,
Symptoms
The symptoms of sequestrated disc herniation depend on the size, location, and impact of the sequestrated disc fragment on surrounding structures. Common symptoms include:
- Low back pain: there may be persistent sharp pain in the area of the spine where the herniation occurred.
- Radicular pain: this type of pain radiated along the pathway of the affected nerve. For instance, if the herniation is in the lumbar region, it might cause pain that travels down the leg, known as sciatica.
- Numbness or loss of sensation: compression of the nerves by the sequestrated disc fragment can lead to sensations of numbness and tingling in the affected area or loss of sensation.
- Muscle weakness: weakness in muscles supplied by the affected nerve may occur. This can affect the mobility and strength of the muscle in the corresponding part, hence affect activities daily life.
- Difficulty with reflexes: compression of the nerves can also lead to changes in reflexes, such as reduced or exaggerated reflexes.
- Bowel or bladder dysfunction: In rare or severe instances, compression of nerves in the lower spine could result in bowel or bladder dysfunction. This required immediate medical attention.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the intervertebral disc is a crucial structure in the spine, providing support, flexibility, and shock absorption. Sequestrated disc herniation can potentially move within the spinal canal, causing compression or irritation of spinal nerves. Symptoms vary based on the size and location of the fragment, including low back pain, radiating pain (sciatica), numbness, muscle weakness, changes in reflexes, and, in severe cases, bowel or bladder dysfunction, requiring immediate medical attention.